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71.
东北玉米低温冷害监测预测系统——在黑龙江省的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用东北玉米低温冷害监测预测系统预测分析了黑龙江省1971-2006年各年热量年型,计算了哈尔滨市1984-2006年玉米抽雄期的冷害发生概率,同时采用以5-9月平均温度和的距平作为低温冷害指标的方法计算了1971-2006年低温冷害的发生状况.结果显示,上述两种方法计算得到的低温冷害的年份与历史实况基本相符.通过对比分析发现,有81%的年份两种方法计算的结果一致,且在低温年玉米抽雄期的冷害发生概率均较大,说明东北玉米低温冷害监测预测系统在黑龙江省的应用效果较好,可为防灾减灾提供科学参考. 相似文献
72.
东北玉米低温冷害时空分布与多时间尺度变化规律分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用东北地区48个农业气象观测站1961-2010年逐日温度资料和近20多年玉米生育期资料,基于热量指数构建生育阶段冷害指数,采用EOF分析、Mann-Kendall法、子波变换等方法系统分析了近50年东北玉米4个生育阶段低温冷害时空分布及周期特征。结果表明:整个生育期全区平均冷害强度呈极显著的减弱趋势,地区间冷害变化趋势呈现差异化特征,冷害强度减弱趋势由西南向东北方向呈阶梯状递增;4个生育阶段冷害指数EOF第一模态均呈冷害空间变化趋势一致的特征;冷害强度呈较明显的减弱趋势,第1到第4生育阶段减弱趋势逐渐增大,突变均发生在1990年代中期;冷害强度具有较强的周期性,出苗—七叶、出苗—抽雄存在明显的23、25年周期,出苗—乳熟、出苗—成熟均具有较明显的3年周期振荡。 相似文献
73.
74.
基于最优传递矩阵的层次分析法在桥梁震害评估中的应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
影响桥梁抗震性能的因素众多,鉴于传统的定量方法无法精确权衡各因素的影响程度,因此,考虑将不确定型层次分析法引入桥梁的震害评估中,对区间标度的合理选择作了简要讨论,运用1~9标度采集数据,兼顾10/10~18/2标度的精确性,对初始判断矩阵进行折算。利用最优传递矩阵的概念,对传统的AHP进行改进,直接求出各指标的权重值。并将此方法应用到实例当中,建立基于地震波、墩台基础、支座、结构因素、环境因素等多因素影响下的桥梁震害评估模型,得到桥梁最终的综合评估值。 相似文献
75.
Tayeb Wafa Koubaa Nadia Nakbi Amel Chaieb Ikbal Tayeb Insaf Kassab Asma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):1058-1069
In this study, a cohort of farmers from the Mateur region in the North of Tunisia, were interviewed and examined for the biochemical effects of pesticides. We studied their haematological profile, lipid parameters, serum markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. We also evaluated the activities of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiolactonase-paroxonase (PON). Moreover, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. The duration of pesticide use and the farmers’ age were considered in the analysis. Our results revealed significant differences in some haematological parameters, in liver and kidney functions, in the lipidic status of the pesticide-exposed group. We also reported an increase in the index of incidence of cardiovascular risk in farmer populations. A significant decrease in AChE, BChE and PON levels was found among farmers. Lipid peroxidation, however, increased. The activities of SOD and CAT were remarkably elevated in farmer populations. There was a significant relation between changes in biological markers, the duration of pesticide use and the farmers’ age. This study indicates that a long-term exposure to pesticides may play an important role in the development of vascular diseases via metabolic disorders of lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, inhibition of BChE and decrease in thiolactonase-PON levels. 相似文献
76.
Avinash M. Topè Phyllis F. Rogers 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):657-662
The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential risk of DNA damage due to exposure to a mixture of the most widely used pesticides, namely endosulfan, chlorpyriphos and thiram at an environmentally relevant concentration (5 μM each) and the DNA protective capacity of sulforaphane (SFN) (10–30 μg/mL). DNA damage in human lymphocytes was ascertained with Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE), also called Comet Assay. For positive control, H2O2 at 100 mM was used. The pesticide mixture produced DNA damage at the concentration used in the lymphocytes. SFN was able to offer a statistically significant (P < 0.01), concentration-dependant protection to DNA damage between 10–20 μg/mL in both the pre-incubation and co-incubation strategies. The results indicate that exposure to low levels of these pesticide mixtures can induce DNA damage, and the presence of SFN in diet may reduce the incidence of genetic damage, especially in farm workers. However, it is not clear whether SFN is involved in quenching of the free radicals generated by the pesticide mixture or it is involved in DNA repair mechanism. 相似文献
77.
Fatma M. El-Demerdash Ali B. Jebur Hoda M. Nasr 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):593-599
The joint action of pyrethroids, lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) in combination with organophosphates, fenitrothione (FNT) on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in rat testes was studied. The results suggest that incubation of testes homogenate with different concentrations of insecticide mixture for different time intervals significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, like glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, a significant inhibition in transaminases (AST, ALT), phosphatases (AcP, AlP) activity and protein content were observed. On the other hand, FNT plus LC increased the cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In conclusion, the use of insecticides mixture might cause marked oxidative damage in a concentration and time-dependent manner. 相似文献
78.
洪水灾害损失信息系统—FLOODIS系统设计 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文借助遥感技术,设计出一个专题地理信息系统一洪灾损失信息系统FLOODIS,为损失评估模型提供评估区域洪水灾害损失的各种自然地理和社会经济信息以及经系统内专家模块处理后的专题信息,同时对其计算结果进行多种方式输出。 相似文献
79.
震害预测的软件程序一般都是基于结构分析的原理,大都采用FORTRAN语言来编写,而震害预测工作中又大量用到分组和排序,这又是数据库语言的特长。本文介绍了在震害预测工作中应用数据库语言的一些体会,主要讨论了两种语言的接口问题。 相似文献
80.
This paper presents an integrated system for the assessmentof technical and non-technical measures that are putforward in order to reduce air pollution levels in urbanareas. In contrast to the majority of the currentlyemployed assessment tools, this system allows for theevaluation of any proposed air pollution control measure interms of its combined impact on air quality and socialwelfare, by correlating the environmental and economicaspects of alternative air pollution abatement solutions.Based on the multi-pollutant, multi-effect concept, thesystem presented aims in providing policy-makers with areliable tool for the objective assessment of the mostcost-effective packages of measures, the latter beingallocated according to the particular features and needs ofthe areas examined. 相似文献